Introduction
Endometriomas, commonly known as “chocolate cysts,” are a specific type of ovarian cyst that can cause significant discomfort and fertility issues for some women. While most ovarian cysts are benign and self-limiting, endometriomas require special attention due to their connection to endometriosis, a condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus.
In this article, we’ll delve deeper into the causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options for endometriomas, helping you better understand how these cysts can impact your health and fertility.
What Are Endometriomas?
Endometriomas form when endometrial tissue, which normally lines the uterus, grows outside the uterus and attaches to the ovaries. This tissue continues to act as it would in the uterus, thickening and shedding during the menstrual cycle. However, because the blood has nowhere to exit, it becomes trapped inside the ovaries, forming cysts filled with old, dark blood—giving them the “chocolate” appearance.
Endometriomas are often associated with endometriosis, a condition affecting approximately 1 in 10 women of reproductive age. While not all women with endometriosis will develop endometriomas, those who do may experience more severe symptoms and challenges with fertility.
Symptoms of Endometriomas
Endometriomas can cause a range of symptoms, including:
Pelvic Pain
Persistent or cyclical pain, especially during menstruation.
Pain During Sex
Painful intercourse, particularly deep penetration, is common with endometriomas.
Infertility
Endometriomas can interfere with ovulation and reduce the chances of conception.
Some women with endometriomas experience heavy periods and spotting between cycles.
It’s important to note that not all women with endometriomas will experience symptoms. In some cases, the cysts are small and asymptomatic, requiring no treatment.
Diagnosis of Endometriomas
Endometriomas are typically diagnosed through a pelvic ultrasound, which can identify the cysts based on their appearance. If you have symptoms of endometriosis or endometriomas, your doctor may also perform a pelvic exam or suggest additional imaging tests, such as an MRI, to assess the size and location of the cysts.
Treatment Options for Endometriomas
The treatment of endometriomas depends on the severity of symptoms and whether the cysts are affecting fertility. Options include:
Pain Management
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help manage mild to moderate pain associated with endometriomas.
Hormonal Therapy
Birth control pills, hormonal IUDs, or other hormonal medications can reduce the growth of endometriomas by suppressing ovulation.
Surgical Removal
If endometriomas cause significant pain or fertility issues, surgery may be necessary to remove the cysts. Laparoscopic (keyhole) surgery is generally the preferred method, as it is minimally invasive and allows for quicker recovery.
Conclusion
Endometriomas are a common type of ovarian cyst associated with endometriosis, and while they can be challenging to manage, effective treatment options are available. Understanding your symptoms and seeking timely medical advice can help prevent complications and improve your quality of life.
At Bloom Women’s Health, our team provides expert guidance and compassionate care to support you in managing endometriomas, ovarian cysts and endometriosis. If you’re experiencing symptoms or have concerns about your reproductive health, please contact our team or your GP. We’re here to help you navigate your journey toward better health and well-being.
Want to Learn More?
- Read our article Ovarian Cysts: Symptoms, Causes & Treatment to learn more about ovarian cysts.
- For more information on Endometriosis, read our article Endometriosis: Overview of Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment
- Learn more about our services at Bloom Women’s Health
