Introduction
Persistent pelvic pain, also known as chronic pelvic pain, is a common but often misunderstood condition affecting many women. This type of pain lasts for six months or longer and can significantly impact daily life, from work to social activities and emotional well-being. Understanding persistent pelvic pain causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment options is essential to managing the condition effectively and seeking appropriate care.
What is and what causes Persistent Pelvic Pain?
Persistent or chronic pelvic pain in women refers to pain experienced in the pelvic region (below the belly button) that lasts beyond six months. This pain varies from person to person and may stem from different causes.
Pelvic Pain causes include (but are not limited to):
- Gynaecological conditions
- Gastrointestinal disorders
- Urinary conditions
- Musculoskeletal factors
- Nerve-related issues and central sensitisation
The pain may present as a dull ache, sharp stabbing pain, pressure, or cramping and may occur intermittently or constantly. It can also be linked to non-cyclical activities such as urination, bowel movements, or sexual intercourse.
How is Chronic Pelvic Pain Diagnosed?
Diagnosing chronic pelvic pain can be complex, as it is often a diagnosis of exclusion—meaning that other possible causes must be ruled out first. A healthcare provider may use the following methods. But importantly, sometimes chronic pelvic pain can persist even when no obvious underlying cause is found.
Medical History and Physical Examination
A comprehensive medical history and pelvic examination help identify potential underlying conditions.
Imaging and Diagnostic Tests
A pelvic ultrasound is commonly used to assess the reproductive organs. In some cases, additional tests such as MRI, CT scans, or laparoscopy (keyhole surgery) may be recommended to investigate further.
Other Investigations
Procedures such as cystoscopy (bladder examination) may be performed if urinary conditions are suspected.
What are the Pelvic Pain Treatment Options?
While there may not be a single cure for persistent pelvic pain (chronic pelvic pain), treatment focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life through a combination of medical, physical, and lifestyle approaches.
Medications such as paracetamol, NSAIDs, and, in some cases, low-dose tricyclic antidepressants or anti-neuropathic drugs can help regulate pain perception. Hormonal therapies, like oral contraceptive pills, may also be beneficial in reducing symptoms linked to hormonal fluctuations. Additionally, physiotherapy and massage therapy can help alleviate muscle tension and improve mobility.
Holistic approaches, including psychological support through cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), dietary adjustments for those with IBS-related pain, and mind-body techniques like yoga, Pilates, and mindfulness meditation, can also play a significant role in pain relief. For a more in-depth look at pain management strategies, read our complementary article on Persistent Pelvic Pain: Symptoms & Management.
When to See a Doctor for Pelvic Pain
A multidisciplinary pain management team can provide additional support if:
- Pain is severe and unresponsive to simple treatments.
- Pain limits daily activities or affects mental well-being.
- An underlying condition requires specialist intervention (e.g., gynaecologist, physiotherapist, or pain specialist).
Early Intervention for Pelvic Pain
Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial in preventing pain from becoming persistent and debilitating. If you are experiencing ongoing pelvic pain, it is essential to seek medical advice from a general practitioner (GP) or gynaecologist. A personalised treatment plan can help manage symptoms effectively and improve overall well-being.
Supporting Your Journey to Better Health
Persistent pelvic pain can be challenging, but with the right support, lifestyle adjustments, and medical care, and a holistic approach many women find relief and regain control over their lives.
If you are experiencing symptoms, reach out to your GP or one of our trusted women’s health gynaecologists for pelvic pain to explore treatment options tailored to your needs.
Do you want to learn more?
For more detailed information on the causes and treatment types for Persistent pelvic pain read our article Understanding and Managing Persistent Pelvic Pain article.
