Adenomyosis is a condition that affects many women but often goes undiagnosed due to overlapping symptoms with other gynaecological conditions, such as endometriosis. This condition occurs when the endometrial tissue, which normally lines the uterus, grows into the muscular walls of the uterus. As a result, adenomyosis can cause significant discomfort and impact a person’s quality of life. Understanding the symptoms and seeking timely medical advice can help in managing the condition effectively.
Common Symptoms of Adenomyosis
The severity of symptoms can vary from person to person. While some women may experience mild discomfort, others may have debilitating pain and heavy menstrual bleeding. Some of the most common symptoms associated with adenomyosis are:
1. Heavy or Prolonged Menstrual Bleeding
Many women with adenomyosis experience menorrhagia (heavy menstrual bleeding). This can lead to anaemia, fatigue, and other health complications. Some women may also notice blood clots in their menstrual flow. Heavy menstrual bleeding occurs in 40% to 60% of patients with adenomyosis and is likely caused by the increased surface area of the endometrium, a larger buildup of endometrial tissue and increased blood flow to the area.
2. Severe Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea)
Painful periods are a hallmark symptom of adenomyosis. Unlike typical menstrual cramps, which can be relieved with over-the-counter pain medications, the pain associated with adenomyosis can be severe and persistent. The cramping often worsens over time and may become unmanageable without medical intervention. Dysmenorrhea occurs in 15% to 30% of patients with adenomyosis and is thought to be linked to higher levels of certain hormones (such as oxytocin and prostaglandins), leading to stronger uterine contractions and increased pain.
3. Chronic Pelvic Pain
Women with adenomyosis often report ongoing pelvic pain that is not necessarily linked to their menstrual cycle. This noncyclical pain can be dull and achy or sharp and stabbing. The discomfort can extend to the lower back and thighs, affecting daily activities. In patients who also have fibroids, adenomyosis can cause more severe chronic pelvic pain.
4. Pain During Intercourse (Dyspareunia)
Adenomyosis can make sexual intercourse painful. This discomfort may be due to inflammation and the thickening of the uterine walls. If you’re experiencing this symptom, consult a healthcare professional for further evaluation and management.
5. Enlarged Uterus
As adenomyosis progresses, the uterus can become enlarged and tender. Some women may feel a sensation of fullness or bloating in their lower abdomen, which can sometimes be mistaken for weight gain. The uterus may have a boggy consistency upon medical examination.
6. Infertility or Difficulty Conceiving
Although adenomyosis is not always linked to infertility, it can contribute to difficulty in getting pregnant. The condition can interfere with embryo implantation and may increase the risk of miscarriage. Adenomyosis has been associated with a decrease in the probability of clinical pregnancy using in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).
When should you see a doctor?
If you are experiencing symptoms like these above, particularly including heavy menstrual bleeding, severe cramps, or chronic pelvic pain, it is essential to seek medical attention. Your GP can evaluate your symptoms and may refer you to a gynaecologist for more specialised assessment, diagnosis and treatment options.
Conclusion
Adenomyosis is a common but often overlooked condition that can significantly impact a person’s quality of life. Paying attention to your symptoms can assist towards an earlier diagnosis. With a correct diagnosis, you’ll have access to proper management that can help alleviate symptoms and improve overall well-being.
At Bloom Women’s Health, we understand the physical and emotional toll adenomyosis can take. Our compassionate team is here to help you navigate your health journey with personalised care and evidence-based solutions.
If you suspect you have adenomyosis, consult your GP and or gynaecologist for guidance on the best course of action for your individual needs. Let’s work together to get you the answers and care you deserve.
Want to know more?
To learn more about Adenomyosis, read our article Adenomyosis: An overview of Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options.
To learn about the differences between Adenomyosis and Endometriosis, read our article.
