Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects many women, particularly in their reproductive years. Despite its prevalence, PCOS symptoms can vary widely, making it difficult for some women to recognise. Understanding these symptoms and how they affect your health is the first step toward effective management and improving your quality of life.
What is PCOS?
PCOS occurs when hormonal imbalances interfere with normal ovarian function. The ovaries may produce higher-than-normal levels of male hormones (androgens), which can disrupt ovulation and cause a range of symptoms. While some women with PCOS develop small blister-like fluid-filled sacs (cysts) on their ovaries, not everyone with PCOS has cysts, and not all ovarian cysts are due to PCOS.
This condition can influence your menstrual cycle, appearance, fertility, psychological, and long-term health, making it important to identify and manage early.
Common Symptoms of PCOS
PCOS symptoms often vary from woman to woman, but some of the most common include:
- Irregular periods: Your periods may be infrequent, prolonged, or even stop altogether due to disrupted ovulation.
- Excess hair growth (hirsutism): You may notice unwanted hair growth on your face, chest, back, or other areas.
- Acne and oily skin: Hormonal imbalances can lead to persistent acne and skin problems.
- Weight gain or difficulty losing weight: Many women with PCOS experience weight gain, particularly around the abdomen, often linked to insulin resistance.
- Thinning hair or hair loss: PCOS can cause hair thinning or loss on the scalp, a condition known as androgenic alopecia.
- Fertility issues: Irregular ovulation can make it more difficult to conceive.
Early Signs to Watch for
Recognising PCOS symptoms early can make a significant difference in managing the condition. Some of the symptoms or signs to watch for are:
- Periods that are consistently irregular or stop altogether (see below).
- Persistent acne that does not respond to typical treatments.
- Rapid weight gain or difficulty maintaining a healthy weight.
- Increased facial or body hair growth.
These early symptoms may appear during adolescence or early adulthood, but they can develop at any stage.
What does an ‘Irregular Period’ actually mean?
There’s a wide range of ‘normal’ for the length of women’s menstrual cycles, so sometimes it’s hard to know what makes a cycle ‘irregular’. Periods can become irregular for many reasons, but, as a general guideline, once a cycle is established, periods can be considered irregular if there’s too short or long a break between periods. Day 1 of the cycle is counted as the first day of a period, and that cycle ends the day prior to the next period’s commencement.
Adapted from the “International Evidence-based Guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome 2023”.
How PCOS Symptoms Affect Daily Life
Living with PCOS often involves more than physical symptoms. It can impact your emotional well-being, confidence, and overall quality of life.
- Body Image Concerns: Unwanted hair growth, acne, and weight gain can affect how you feel about your appearance.
- Low Energy Levels: Hormonal imbalances and insulin resistance may leave you feeling fatigued.
- Mental Health Challenges: Women with PCOS are more likely to experience anxiety and depression due to the condition’s impact on their health and lifestyle.
It’s important to acknowledge these challenges and seek support when needed, as addressing the emotional aspects of PCOS is just as important as managing the physical symptoms.
When to See a Doctor
If you suspect you have PCOS or are experiencing any of the symptoms mentioned, it’s important to consult your GP. Your GP can assess your symptoms and refer you to a gynaecologist if needed for specialised care. You might consider seeing a gynaecologist if:
- Your periods are consistently irregular or absent.
- You’re struggling with fertility issues.
- You’re experiencing persistent or severe acne, unwanted hair growth, or hair thinning.
- Lifestyle modifications (like improved diet and exercise) aren’t helping to manage symptoms.
Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of long-term complications. You can find more information on the different treatment and management options i our article on Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
Conclusion
PCOS symptoms can vary but recognising them early is important for effective management. If you suspect you may have PCOS, don’t hesitate to seek advice from your healthcare providers. The team at Bloom Women’s Health is here to provide personalised care and support to help you understand and manage your symptoms.
Take control of your health today. Schedule an appointment with your Bloom Women’s Health gynaecologist or your GP (to discuss a referral and) to discuss your symptoms and find the care you deserve.
